More than 65 countries criminalize same-sex sexual relations, including at least eight that impose the death penalty. Globally, gay men and other men who have sex with men are around 28 times more likely to acquire HIV than the general population and are much less likely to access HIV services. Transgender people, who account for an estimated 0.1–1.1% of the global population, often face stigma, discrimination and social rejection in their homes and communities. Discrimination, violence and criminalization prevent many people from accessing the HIV services they need to stay healthy. When we reform criminal laws, people can exercise their fundamental human rights, according to Luisa Cabal, UNAIDS Director a.i. of Community Support, Social Justice, and Inclusion.